Hi, Jesse,
What school are you attending? My nephew is in school in New Haven, graduating this spring also.
If you are looking for commercial ships, whether cruise ships or freighters, the route you are interested in is an uncommon one. For sure any ship or private vessel is not going to be venturing north to Iceland in the winter, nor would you want to be on one of them if you had your 'druthers. If you're looking to hitch-hike as crew, well, you might check out our Crewfinder to get an idea of where private yachts are traveling.
Generally, East Coast US private yachts sail to Bermuda, then jump off from there to Europe, either to the UK or the Med. Those that head for Nova Scotia or Newfoundland for the summer aren't usually heading to Europe that year from that location. And you most likely wouldn't get on a sailboat with either destination without experience. Sailing across oceans is not for the novice. Do you even know if you get seasick?
Another good source of information and ideas might be
The Triton, Nautical News for Captains and Crew
which caters more to private yachts and chartering.
With no experience you are at a competitive disadvantage, and as Silver Raven suggests, learning how to sail, and volunteering as crew at the local yacht clubs, is one way to start getting a working knowledge of yachts and sailing.
All that said, you can do it.
Good luck.
Jeanne